摘要目的:系统回顾膳食营养与人体免疫功能人群研究的方法学进展。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、万方和中国知网（CNKI）数据库自建库至2020年1月10日膳食营养与人体免疫相关研究文献，对符合要求的文献进行系统综述。结果:共有114篇文献纳入分析，其中中文4篇，英文110篇。横断面研究、病例对照研究、队列研究和干预性研究分别为22、16、41和35篇，研究方法随时间推移呈多样化趋势。近年来，病例对照研究衍生类型如巢式病例对照研究和病例队列研究受到重视，研究因素由单一营养素或膳食成分逐步转向食物及膳食模式，营养对基因损伤的保护作用、改变基因表达的作用，以及基因多态性对营养素与炎症标志物敏感性的调节作用等成为研究热点。结论:膳食营养与人体免疫功能的流行病学研究方法不断完善和发展，对于充分论证营养与人体免疫功能的关系具有重要的作用。

abstractsObjective:To systematically review the advances in population research methods of dietary nutrition and human immunity.Methods:Related studies on the relationship between dietary nutrition and human immunity were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases from the start date to January 10, 2020. A systematic review of the literatures that met the requirements was carried out.Results:Totally 114 articles were included, including 4 Chinese articles and 110 English articles. There were 22 cross-sectional studies, 16 case-control studies, 41 cohort studies and 35 intervention studies, respectively. The research methods showed a trend of diversification over time. In recent years, the derivative types of case-control studies such as nested case-control studies and case cohort studies received attention. Research factors gradually shifted from a single nutrient or dietary ingredient to food and dietary patterns. The protective effect of nutrition on gene damage, the effect on altering gene expression, and the regulatory effect of genetic polymorphism on the sensitivity of nutrients and inflammatory markers became research hotspots.Conclusion:The epidemiologic research methods of dietary nutrition and human immune function are constantly improving and developing, which play an important role in fully demonstrating the relationship between nutrition and human immune function.