摘要目的:探讨经支气管内单向活瓣（EBV）置入治疗支气管胸膜瘘（BPF）的有效性及安全性。方法:选择2017年8月至2021年12月于上海市肺科医院内镜中心治疗的行EBV置入治疗术的外周型BPF患者33例为研究对象。收集患者详细病历资料，分析患者病因、病变位置、治疗方法及操作过程、治疗有效率及术后并发症等数据，评估EBV置入术的疗效及安全性。结果:33例患者中，男26例，女7例；中位年龄54.7（28~86）岁。病因为胸外科术后BPF 18例（54.5%）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并自发性气胸6例（18.2%）、肺结核和非结核分枝杆菌感染引起自发性气胸12例（36.4%）；33例病例共置入瓣膜63枚，单个病例最多使用4枚活瓣，最少使用1枚。病灶位置位于右下叶16例（48.5%），左上叶12例（36.4%）；33例行EBV置入封堵治疗患者中，共有22例（66.7%）成功，患者术前的胸管留置时间为（88.5±36.6）d，EBV治疗后胸管留置的时间为（29.6±11.4）d。EBV置入后成功取出的时间为（102.2±31.3）d；经EBV治疗外周型BPF的术后随访6个月，主要并发症是活瓣分泌物附着29例（90.6%），轻度肉芽增殖13例（40.6%）。另外有中重度肉芽增殖5例（15.6%），活瓣移位或脱落1例（3.1%），出血1例（3.1%）。结论:本研究中EBV置入封堵治疗成功率为66.7%，经支气管镜EBV置入治疗外周型BPF术是一种效果较理想且并发症相对较轻的治疗方法。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of interventional endobronchial one-way valves (EBV) for the treatment of peripheral bronchopleural fistula (BPF).Methods:A total of 33 patients with peripheral BPF who underwent EBV implantation in Endoscopy Center of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from August 2017 to December 2021 were selected as the research objects. All the patients were diagnosed with peripheral BPF before the implantation surgery. The detailed medical records of the patients were collected, and the etiology, lesion location, treatment method and operation process, treatment efficacy and postoperative complications were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EBV implantation.Results:Of the 33 patients in our study, 26 were male and 7 were female. The median age was 54.7 (28-86) years. There were 18 cases of BPF after thoracic surgery (54.5%), 6 cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with spontaneous pneumothorax (18.2%), and 12 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection with spontaneous pneumothorax (36.4%). A total of 63 valves were inserted in the 33 cases, and a maximum of valves and at least one were inserted in a single case. The lesions were located in the right lower lobe in 16 cases (48.5%) and the left upper lobe in 12 cases (36.4%). Of the 33 patients undergoing EBV placement, 22 (66.7%) were successful, with chest drainage tube indwelling duration of (88.5±36.6) days and (29.6±11.4) days, respectively, before and after EBV treatment. The time from EBV placement to successful withdrawal of EBV was (102.2±31.3) days. During a postoperative follow-up of 6 months after EBV treatment, the main complications were 29 cases with attachment of secretions to the EBV (90.6%) and 13 cases (40.6%) with mild granulation proliferation. In addition, there were five patients with moderate to severe granulation proliferation (15.6%), one with valve displacement or shedding (3.1%), and one with bleeding (3.1%).Conclusions:In this study, the success rate of EBV placement and occlusion was 66.7%. Transbronchoscopic EBV placement in the treatment of peripheral BPF is a effective treatment with relatively minor complications.