摘要肝素抵抗现象逐渐成为临床关注热点，尤其在重症患者中，肝素抵抗可导致抗凝治疗失败或增加大出血风险，及时识别肝素抵抗有助于精准调整肝素用量，避免病情恶化以及不良事件发生。肝素抵抗从机制上可分为抗凝血酶（AT）介导和非AT介导，常见病因主要包括血浆AT缺乏、肝素诱导的血小板减少症、重症感染、接受体外循环或体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）治疗、使用Xa因子逆转剂等。目前，临床上多通过分析活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）比值与抗活化因子X活性试验（anti-FXa）的一致性来识别肝素抵抗。主要处理策略包括积极治疗原发病、补充AT及更换抗凝药物。

abstractsHeparin resistance is becoming a hot issue of clinical concern. In critically ill patients, heparin resistance can lead to failure of anticoagulation therapy or increase the risk of major bleeding. Prompt recognition of heparin resistance can help to precisely adjust heparin dosage and avoid deterioration and adverse events. Heparin resistance can be mechanistically classified into the antithrombin-mediated and the non-antithrombin-mediated. Common etiologies include heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, severe infections such as severe COVID-19, treatment with extracorporeal circulation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and use of factor Xa reversal agents; heparin resistance is now often identified by the concordance of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ratio with anti-FXa. Common clinical management strategies include antithrombin supplementation and replacement of anticoagulant drugs (e.g., direct thrombin inhibitors), but their safety and efficacy still need to be further validated.