摘要内镜治疗经历了3个发展阶段：消化管腔内治疗、消化内镜隧道技术、消化内镜超级微创手术（ESMIS）阶段。对比传统外科“器官切除+解剖重建”的弊端，超级微创手术（SMIS）强调了“在保留器官与功能的基础上治愈疾病”的手术理念。SMIS依赖于4条通道开展治疗：经自然腔道通道、经隧道通道、经穿刺通道及经多腔隙通道，通过数十种手术方法来诊治消化道疾病。目前已建立了相对完善的ESMIS治疗实施原则，以确保手术的安全和有效性，并不断拓展其他诊疗领域。

abstractsEndoscopic therapy has gone through three stages of development: intraluminal treatment, endoscopic tunneling technology, and endoscopic super minimally invasive surgery (ESMIS). Compared to the drawbacks of traditional surgical methods"organ resection and anatomical reconstruction", super minimally invasive surgery (SMIS) emphasizes the surgical concept of"curing diseases while preserving organs and functions". SMIS conducts treatment through four channels: natural cavity channel, tunnel channel, puncture channel, and multi cavity channel. It offers dozens of surgical methods for diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal diseases. At present, relatively sound implementation principles for ESMIS treatment have been established to ensure the safety and effectiveness of surgery, and to continuously expand other diagnostic and therapeutic fields.