摘要经鼻高流量吸氧（HFNC）近年来在临床麻醉领域中的应用日益广泛，其在围手术期氧疗的可行性、有效性和安全性已逐步得到证实和认可。该技术在麻醉气道管理方面，尤其是在处理困难气道时，展现出显著的技术进步和创新。五官科手术患者常见困难气道，对气道管理技术提出了更高要求。然而，关于HFNC在五官科麻醉气道管理中的应用，尚缺乏明确的循证医学证据和系统性指导。基于国内外相关研究进展及中国临床实践，中华医学会麻醉学分会五官科麻醉学组组织专家团队制订了本共识。本共识从理论到实操，系统性阐述了HFNC的生理学机制、适用场景及具体操作方法，涵盖诱导期、术中无插管麻醉管理期、术后拔管吸氧期及特殊人群的应用等多个方面。针对不同临床需求，共识明确了HFNC的推荐意见、禁忌证和注意事项，进一步规范其在五官科麻醉气道管理中的应用方法，为提升围手术期气道管理水平提供了科学依据。本共识旨在推动HFNC技术在五官科麻醉中的规范化应用，提升患者安全性，并为未来相关临床研究和技术推广提供理论支持与实践指导。

abstractsIn recent years, the application of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in clinical anesthesia has become increasingly widespread. Its feasibility, effectiveness, and safety in perioperative oxygen therapy have been progressively confirmed and recognized. This technology has demonstrated significant advancements and innovations in airway management within anesthesia, particularly in addressing difficult airways. Patients undergoing eye and ear-nose-throat (ENT) surgeries frequently present with difficult airways, imposing higher demands on airway management techniques. However, there remains a lack of clear evidence-based guidelines and structured recommendations regarding the application of HFNC in ENT anesthesia airway management. Based on relevant research progress both domestically and internationally, as well as Chinese clinical practice, the Otorhinolaryngology Anesthesiology Group of the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology organized an expert team to formulate this consensus. The consensus systematically elaborates on the physiological mechanisms, applicable scenarios, and specific operational methods of HFNC, from theory to practice. It covers multiple aspects, including the induction phase, intraoperative non-intubated anesthesia management, postoperative extubation oxygen therapy, and applications in special populations. Addressing different clinical needs, the consensus clearly outlines the recommendations, contraindications, and precautions for HFNC, further standardizing its application in ENT anesthesia airway management and providing an evidence-based framework for optimizing perioperative airway management. This consensus aims to promote the standardized application of HFNC technology in ENT anesthesia, improve patient safety, and provide theoretical support and practical guidance for future clinical research and technological advancements.