摘要分析新发腹泻型沙门菌双相亚利桑那亚种（ S.Ⅲb）50：z 52：z 35/ST8433克隆的基因组学特征。回顾性分析因“发热、腹泻”就诊于复旦大学附属儿科医院肠道门诊、最终诊断为“细菌性肠炎”的2例患儿的临床资料，患儿粪便样本培养均为沙门菌感染阳性，全基因组测序结果显示菌株均为 S.Ⅲb 50：z 52：z 35/ST8433，国内外数据库无收录。药物敏感性试验显示病例1沙门菌分离株属抗菌素敏感株，对28种抗菌药物敏感；病例2沙门菌分离株属多重耐药株，仅对11种抗菌药物敏感，而β-内酰胺类、喹诺酮类和大环内酯类抗生素耐药。全基因组测序结果显示耐药基因检测病例1分离株携带氨基糖苷类aac（6′）-Iaa和喹诺酮类parC（T57S）耐药基因，病例2分离株携带β-内酰胺类bla CTX-M-65、喹诺酮类因parC（T57S）、gyrA（S83Y）和qnrS1、红霉素mph（A）、mph（E）、erm（B）、msr（E）等8类药物耐药基因，病例2分离株染色体上独有小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的Ⅲ型分泌系统（T3SS）。毒力基因检测显示病例2的沙门菌Ⅰ型毒力岛（SPⅠ-1）的分泌侵袭蛋白基因有9个，比病例1多2个；肠毒素的类伤寒沙门菌毒素和黏附蛋白基因数量也比病例1分别多1个。本次发现的2株沙门菌分离株为同血清型、同序列型和同T6SS的克隆，但耐药性不同，且腹泻幼儿间无共同暴露史，提示 S.Ⅲb 50：z 52：z 35/ST8433克隆具有高度重组性和高毒力性特征。

abstractsTo analyze the genomic and disease ecological background of two Salmonellaenterica subsp. diarizonae ( S.Ⅲb) isolated from two children with diarrhea. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of two pediatric patients who presented to the gastroenterology outpatient clinic of Fudan University Affiliated Children′s Hospital with symptoms of fever and diarrhea and were ultimately diagnosed with bacterial enteritis. Both patients′ fecal samples tested positive for Salmonella infection. Whole-genome sequencing results indicated that the strains were all S.Ⅲb 50:z 52:z 35/ST8433, which were not recorded in domestic or international databases. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that Salmonella strain isolated from Case 1 was an antibiotic-sensitive strain, susceptible to 28 antimicrobial agents; Salmonella strain isolated from Case 2 was a multidrug-resistant strain, susceptible to only 11 antimicrobial agents, and resistant to β-lactam, quinolone, and macrolide antibiotics. The strain of case 1 carried aac(6′)-Iaa and quinolone parC(T57S) resistance genes. The strain of Case 2 had a unique chromosome encoding the type Ⅲ secretion systems (T3SS) of Yersinia enterocolitica, and the number of invasion protein genes and typhoid toxin secreted by Salmonella type Ⅰ virulence island (SPⅠ-1) in case 2 were two and one more than those in case 1, respectively. Some important virulence factors were predicted in the genome sequences of both strains, including type Ⅵ secretion system (T6SS), protease (IcsP/SopA), temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (Tsh), non-LEE encoding T3SS effector (NleC), and Iron uptake protein(iucA、iutA). The two strains identified in this study are clones of the same serotype, sequence type, and T6SS, but exhibit different antibiotic resistance profiles, and there is no history of common exposure among the infants with diarrhea. This suggests that S.Ⅲb 50:z 52:z 35/ST8433 clone possesses high recombination and virulence characteristics.