摘要溃疡性结肠炎（UC）是一种缓解和复发交替出现的慢性非特异性炎性疾病。UC的治疗目标主要依靠内镜下评估黏膜愈合，而目前认为进一步达到组织学愈合有可能获得更好的长期疾病结局。细胞内镜作为一种新兴的内镜技术，可活体实时评估亚细胞结构，使无创评估组织学愈合水平成为可能。本文阐述细胞内镜在UC中的应用和进展，探讨采用细胞内镜进行UC的炎症评估及早期癌变识别的相关技术及研究前景，为UC诊治提供参考。

abstractsUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, non-specific inflammatory disease with the character of alternated remission and relapse. The treatment goal of UC primarily relies on the endoscopic evaluation of mucosal healing, while it is suggested that the histological healing may lead to better long-term disease outcomes. Endocytoscopy (EC) , as an emerging endoscopic technique, enables in vivo real-time assessment of subcellular structures. Therefore, EC inspection could be a novel approach for non-invasive histological healing assessment. This article summarizes the application and progress of EC in UC, and discusses the relevant technologies and research prospects of EC in inflammation evaluation and recognition of early-stage malignancy, to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of UC.