摘要近年来艰难梭菌感染性疾病发病危险因素在增加，如潜在的基础疾病、住院时间、年龄、抗生素的使用、质子泵抑制剂的使用等，尽管出现了利福昔明、硝唑尼特、替加环素、雷莫拉宁、非达霉素等新型抗生素以及腔内毒素中和剂、生物治疗剂、粪便移植、全身抗体方法、静脉注射免疫球蛋白等非抗菌药物，艰难梭菌感染率及复发率仍居高不下，疫苗是防治艰难梭菌感染的最理想的途径和方法。艰难梭菌疫苗的研究已近20年，目前除了针对A毒素与B毒素的单克隆抗体疫苗、类毒素疫苗在人体中取得较好的效果外，一些针对毒素受体及艰难梭菌关键致病因子的基因重组疫苗在动物实验中也取得了良好的防治效果。（中华检验医学杂志，2014，37：430-433）

abstractsThe risk factors of Clostridium difficile infections increased in recent years , such as the underlying disease, hospitalization duration, age, the use of antibiotics, the use of proton pump inhibitors and so on.The rate of Clostridium difficile infection and recurrence are still high despite the appear of new antibiotics such as rifaximin, nitazoxanide, tigecycline, ramoplanin, fidaxomicin, and non-antimicrobial such as drugs toxin neutralizer chamber , biological therapeutic agents , fecal transplantation , systemic antibody method , intravenous immunoglobulin and so on.The vaccine is the most ideal way of prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile infection.The research in Clostridium difficile vaccine lasted for nearly 20 years.Except the monoclonal antibody vaccine and toxoid vaccine against toxin A and toxin B have achieved better results in the human , some recombinant vaccines against the toxin receptor and the key pathogenic factor of Clostridium difficile also achieved good effect in animal.