摘要microRNA（ miRNA）是一类内源性短链非编码RNA，参与基因转录后水平调控，在细胞发育、增殖、分化和肿瘤发生等生物学行为中发挥重要作用。近年来发现，miRNA在胃癌中存在异常表达，与胃癌发生、发展、转移等恶性行为密切相关，可作为一种生物标志物和治疗靶点应用于胃癌的诊断和治疗。（中华检验医学杂志，2014，37：653-656）

abstractsmicroRNAs ( miRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding small molecular RNAs , which regulate target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play vital roles in cell development , proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis and other biological behavior.Changes in miRNA expression profiles have been observed in gastric cancer in recent studies.Further studies demonstrated that miRNAs were closely related to the carcinogenesis , development and metastasis of gastric cancer , which suggested miRNAs have broad prospective application in diagnosis and therapy of gastric carcinoma as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.