摘要泌尿系感染（ UTI）的主要病原是致泌尿系感染大肠埃希菌（ UPEC）。 UPCE的许多毒力因子参与泌尿系感染的致病过程，包括：黏附因子、铁离子获取因子、毒素和保护因子等。其中，黏附因子可帮助UPEC黏附到宿主泌尿道上皮细胞表面，以Ⅰ型菌毛和P菌毛为主；铁离子获取因子能够帮助病原从宿主体内获取铁元素，促进UPEC繁殖和致病；UPEC所产生的各种毒素能够促使宿主上皮细胞破坏并释放一些营养因子，帮助UPEC存活和生长；保护因子则可以保护UPEC免受宿主体内由补体系统所介导的杀菌效应和吞噬细胞的吞噬作用。（中华检验医学杂志，2017，40：67-71）

abstractsUropathogenic Escherichia coli ( UPEC) is the most common pathogen causing urinary tract infection ( UTI).Various virulent factors of UPEC involved in the pathogenic process of UTI , including adhesins, iron uptake-related factors, protectins, and toxins.Adhesion factors can help UPEC to adhere to the surface of the epithelial cell in the host urinary tract.Iron ion acquisition factors can help the pathogen to get iron from the host body , and then multiply and cause disease.Various toxins produced by the pathogen can cause damage to the host epithelial cells and release of nutrients and other nutritional factors that help UPEC to survive and grow.Protectins can protect UPEC from the host complement system mediated bactericidal effect and the phagocytosis of phagocytic cells.In this review , the most recent research progress on the various virulence characteristics of UPEC will be discussed.