摘要基于患者样本的实时质量控制系统（PBRTQC），可利用现代实验室信息系统条件改进实验室质量控制体系。PBRTQC相比室内质量控具有连续监测、无质控品原因造成失控的情况、低成本等优势。本文总结近期PBRTQC研究成果，介绍PBRTQC的理论基础和PBRTQC质控模型的建立，阐述目前PBRTQC存在的问题，提出未来PBRTQC的研究方向。

abstractsTaking advantage of current advancements of the laboratory information system, patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC) has become a hot research topic with the potential of significantly improving the quality of clinical laboratories. PBRTQC has several advantages over conventional internal quality control, including the merit of continuous error detection, low maintenance cost, and no fear of loss of quality control due to commutability issue. This review summarized the recent research progress in PBRTQC. The review described the fundamental theories of PBRTQC and explained how to implement PBRTQC in clinical laboratories in detail. The review also provided prospective view on how to solve the current problems and what are the future research directions of PBRTQC.