摘要目的:科学未知作为重大科学挑战的显性表征，孕育着颠覆性、非共识、高风险性的科学问题。对科学未知识别方法的开发、工具平台的建立能够为问题导向下基础研究选题提供数据支撑，是需求和问题导向下科技创新体系管理机制的必然需求与必要探索。方法:目前，医学领域已构建大量的知识库(Knowledge-base)，但仍缺乏对未知库(Unknown-base)的关注。本文通过回溯相关文献并梳理已有研究，尝试结合科学大数据研究的方法范式与文本挖掘技术思路，从概念、识别方法与未知库构建视角提供解读与启示。结果:系统性辨析了科学未知的概念内涵，从认知状态与逻辑规则视角提出了科学未知的识别方法，并从属性、关系与疾病维度探讨了科学未知的分类框架与实现路径，为医学未知库的构建提供了初步思路。结论:医学科学未知的相关研究是涉及情报科学、数据科学、医学信息学与科技管理领域的交叉方向，本文尝试性阐述了科学未知的研究意义及应用场景，以期为领域内学者开展该相关研究提供思路与借鉴。

abstractsObjective:The present study delves into the realm of scientific unknowns, which serve as the primary representation of major scientific challenges and often give rise to subversive, non-consensus, and high-risk scientific problems. Addressing this pivotal aspect, we focus on the development of scientific unknown identification methods and tool platforms to provide essential data support for priority setting of basic research through a problem-oriented approach. Such efforts are imperative for managing the scientific and technological innovation system within the context of demands and problem-solving.Methods:While numerous knowledge bases have been established in the medical field, there remains a notable lack of focus on the unknown base. The paper synthesizes relevant literature and existing research, amalgamating the methodological paradigm of scientific big data research with text mining. This integration facilitates comprehensive interpretations and enlightening insights concerning the concept, identification methods, and construction of an unknown-base.Results:By systematically analyzing the concept of scientific unknowns, we present a recognition method based on cognitive state and logical rules. Furthermore, we discuss a classification framework and realization path for scientific unknowns from the dimensions of attribute, relationship, and disease, thereby providing foundational insights for the construction of a medical unknown database.Conclusions:Notably, the research on unknowns in medical science transcends disciplinary boundaries, encompassing the confluence of information science, data science, medical informatics, and science and technology management. As such, this paper seeks to expound upon the significance and application scenarios of unknown research in science, furnishing valuable ideas and references for scholars in the field.