摘要目的 根据国际癌症登记协会发布的全球恶性肿瘤发病数据,分析全球不同恶性肿瘤发病年龄分布特征,比较不同地区恶性肿瘤的发病年龄差异.方法 从《五大洲癌症发病率》第Ⅺ卷提取2008—2012年65个国家涵盖339个人群为基础的肿瘤登记处的恶性肿瘤数据.分析不同地区、分性别和癌种的平均发病年龄,根据联合国发布的人类发展指数和地区发展程度进行分层.采用Segi's世界标准人口(世标)进行标化,计算标化平均发病年龄,分析人口年龄结构对恶性肿瘤发病年龄的影响.结果 研究覆盖全球人口 4 812 008 148 人年,其中男性 2 367 458 302 人年,女性2 444 549 846人年;恶性肿瘤新发病例21 892 093人,其中男性11 450 515人,女性10 441 578人.全球恶性肿瘤平均发病年龄为65.73岁,男性为66.70岁,女性为64.67岁.睾丸癌的平均发病年龄最小,为36.67岁;胆囊癌的平均发病年龄最高为71.55岁.调整人口结构后,平均发病年龄较高依次为胆囊癌、膀胱癌和前列腺癌,较低依次为睾丸癌、骨癌和脑瘤.发达国家或地区的恶性肿瘤平均发病年龄为66.38岁,欠发达国家或地区为61.75岁,我国恶性肿瘤平均发病年龄为63.47岁.人类发展指数越高的国家或地区,恶性肿瘤的平均发病年龄越高,调整人口年龄结构后差异缩小.结论 不同恶性肿瘤发病年龄分布特点明显,胆囊癌和膀胱癌等恶性肿瘤的平均发病年龄相对较高,而睾丸癌、骨癌和甲状腺癌等恶性肿瘤的平均发病年龄相对年轻.非洲等欠发达国家或地区的平均发病年龄相对较低.我国恶性肿瘤平均发病年龄位居发达国家和发展中国家之间.恶性肿瘤防控应根据不同癌种的年龄分布特点进行.

abstractsObjective To analyze the age distribution characteristics of different cancers in the world according to the database from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents published by the International Association of Cancer Registries, and to compare the age differences of cancer incidence in different regions. Methods Cancer incidence data from volume XI of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents including 339 population-based cancer registries in 65 countries during 2008-2012 have been extracted. The average age of cancer incidence in different regions, gender and cancer sites were analyzed and stratified according to the human development Index and the level of national or regional development UN Development. The Segi's world standard population ( world standard) was standardized to calculate the average age of the cancer incidence and to analyze the effect of age structure of the population on the average age of cancer diagnosis. Results This study included 4 812 008 148 person-years in the global population (including 2 367 458 302 men and 2 444 549 846 women), and 21 892 093 of the new cancer cases, including 11 450 515 men and 10 441 578 women. The analysis showed that the average age of cancer incidence in the world was 65.73 years, and men and women were 66.70 and 64.67 years old, respectively. Among them, the average incidence age of testicular cancer was the youngest, with an average age of 36.67 years, and that of gallbladder cancer was the highest with average age of 71.55 years. After adjusting for population structure, the average incidence age was highest in gallbladder cancer, followed with bladder cancer and prostate cancer, and the testicular was with the lowest average age of incidence, followed by bone cancer and brain tumor. The results showed that the average age of cancer incidence in developed countries or regions was 66.38 years old, and that in less developed countries or regions was 61.75 years old, but in China it was 63.47 years old. According to the human development index (HDI), the higher the country or region with HDI, the higher the average age of cancer incidence, and the difference is reduced after the adjustment of the age structure of the population. Conclusions There are different characteristics of the age distribution for different cancer sites. In terms of the age of cancer incidence, those of gallbladder cancer and bladder cancer are relatively old, while those of the testis, bone and thyroid cancer are relatively young. The average age of cancer incidence in China is between developed and less developed countries. Prevention and control of cancer should be carried out according to the age distribution characteristics of different cancers.