摘要为进一步规范中国肺癌的防治措施、提高肺癌的诊疗水平、改善患者的预后、为各级临床医务人员提供专业的循证医学建议，中华医学会组织呼吸内科、肿瘤内科、胸外科、放疗科、影像科和病理科专家，经过共识会议制订了《中华医学会肺癌临床诊疗指南（2024版）》。相较于2023版指南，2024版的更新内容包括：在肺癌筛查部分，提出了吸烟患者即使戒烟15年后患肺癌的风险仍高于未吸烟者，并提出肺癌发病风险模型有望成为高危人群筛选的重要手段之一；在病理部分增加了对新辅助治疗后肺癌手术切除标本的病理评估，部分转录因子免疫组化染色对小细胞肺癌分型可能有帮助；分子检测部分提出可对标本进行一次性同步基于RNA与DNA的驱动基因变异检测。本次指南基于第9版TNM分期，对于胸外科亚肺叶切除的人群选择及手术要求给予了更清晰的描述。此外，对于免疫新辅助、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）耐药后肺癌患者都有了更多的治疗方法获批，而EGFR突变、EGFR 20ins、间变性淋巴瘤激酶（ALK）融合、MET14外显子跳突的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者也有了更多的药物选择。指南以国家批准的应用指征为原则，以国内实际可应用的药品为基础，结合国际指南推荐意见和中国临床实践现状，整合近年来肺癌筛查、诊断、病理、基因检测、免疫分子标志物检测和治疗手段以及随访等诊治方面的最新循证医学证据，旨在为各级临床医师、影像、检验、康复等专业人员提供合理的推荐建议。

abstractsTo further standardize lung cancer prevention and treatment measures in China, enhance the quality of diagnosis and treatment, improve patient prognosis, and provide evidence-based medical guidance for clinicians at all levels, the Chinese Medical Association convened experts from respiratory medicine, oncology, thoracic surgery, radiotherapy, imaging, and pathology to develop the Chinese Medical Association's Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Lung Cancer (2024 edition). This consensus resulted in several updates from the 2023 version. The 2024 guidelines highlight that the risk of lung cancer in smokers remains higher than that of non-smokers even 15 years after quitting. Additionally, a new lung cancer incidence risk model is expected to become a critical tool for screening high-risk groups. In pathology, the guidelines now include pathological evaluation of surgically resected lung cancer specimens following neoadjuvant therapy and suggest that immunohistochemical staining of certain transcription factors may aid in the classification of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In molecular detection, the guidelines propose simultaneous detection of driver gene variations based on both RNA and DNA from specimens. The new edition also provides detailed descriptions of patient selection and surgical requirements for thoracic sub-lobectomy, aligned with the 9th TNM staging. Moreover, the guidelines expand treatment options, approving more therapies for immunoadjuvant and EGFR-TKI resistant lung cancer patients, as well as additional drug options for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations, EGFR 20 insertions, ALK fusions, and MET exon 14 skipping. These recommendations are based on state-approved drug applications, international guidelines, and current clinical practices in China, integrating the latest evidence-based medical research in screening, diagnosis, pathology, genetic testing, immune molecular marker detection, treatment methods, and follow-up care. The goal is to provide comprehensive and reasonable recommendations for clinicians, imaging specialists, laboratory technicians, rehabilitation professionals, and other medical staff at all levels.