摘要目的:利用人群肿瘤登记数据分析2015—2019年河南省恶性肿瘤5年相对生存率。方法:提取河南省肿瘤登记数据库中诊断日期在2010年1月1日至2019年12月31日之间的恶性肿瘤病例，采用现时生存分析方法估计恶性肿瘤5年相对生存率，Ederer Ⅱ方法计算期望生存率，感兴趣时期设定为2015—2019年，随访截至2019年12月31日。使用国际癌症生存标准年龄结构进行标化，标化生存率的组间比较采用 Z检验。 结果:河南省2015—2019年恶性肿瘤总体5年相对生存率为43.3%。总体标化5年相对生存率为40.2%，其中女性高于男性（分别为45.9%和34.7%； Z=39.60， P＜0.001），城市高于农村（分别为44.9%和39.1%； Z=12.97， P＜0.001）。0～14岁儿童恶性肿瘤5年相对生存率为60.2%，15岁及以上患者5年相对生存率为43.5%。标化5年相对生存率＞70%的恶性肿瘤有2种（甲状腺癌82.2%，乳腺癌71.6%），＜30%的有4种（胰腺癌18.2%，肝癌19.6%，肺癌24.0%，胆囊癌26.6%）。 结论:河南省恶性肿瘤5年相对生存率相对滞后于全国平均水平，应继续加强肿瘤综合防控力度。

abstractsObjective:To analyze the 5-year relative survival rate of cancer in Henan province based on cancer registration data.Methods:Cancer survival data were extracted from the cancer registration database of Henan province with the diagnosis date between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019 were included. The closing date of follow-up was set as December 31, 2019. The 5-year relative survival rate of cancer was calculated using the period survival analysis method and the Ederer II method in the R package "periodR", and the interest period was between 2015 and 2019.Results:During the period of 2015-2019, the overall 5-year relative survival rate of cancer patients in Henan province was 43.6%, and after age-standardization, it was 40.2%. The overall 5-year relative survival rate showed the characteristics of higher survival rate in females than males (45.9% vs 34.7%, Z=39.60, P＜0.001) and higher survival rate in urban areas than rural areas (44.9% vs 39.1%, Z=12.97, P＜0.001). The 5-year relative survival rate for cancer patients among children aged 0-14 was 60.2%, and for adults aged 15 and above, it was 43.5%, which was standardized to 40.2% after age adjustment. There are two types of cancers with a standardized 5-year relative survival rate exceeding 70% (thyroid cancer at 82.2% and breast cancer at 71.6%), and four cancers with a rate below 30% (pancreatic cancer at 18.2%, liver cancer at 19.6%, lung cancer at 24.0%, and gallbladder cancer at 26.6%). Conclusion:The cancer 5-year survival rate in Henan Province is lower than that of the national average, indicating the need for continued enhancement of cancer prevention and control measures.