摘要目的 探讨以健侧小腿血管为受区血管的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复小腿严重软组织损伤的临床效果.方法 2012年1月至2018年1月,南昌大学第一附属医院骨科收治10例小腿严重软组织损伤的患者,男7例,女3例,年龄17～56岁,平均35岁.所有病例患肢创面周围均无可供吻合的主干血管.创面大小为20 cm×13 cm～29 cm×15 cm;缺损位置:小腿前侧5例、内侧3例、后内侧2例.采用与健侧胫前或胫后血管桥接吻合的健侧股前外侧皮瓣修复患侧小腿软组织缺损,根据缺损大小及是否需要填塞死腔,切取肌皮瓣、筋膜皮瓣或穿支皮瓣,双下肢置于平行位并用外支架固定,术后1周开始断蒂训练,21～32 d断蒂,并拆除外支架,断蒂时如条件允许,将健肢血管断端与远端重新吻合,以恢复血管的连续性.结果 本组10例皮瓣全部成活.股前外侧皮瓣面积为23 cm×14 cm～32 cm×16 cm,供区血管包括胫后动、静脉5例,应用健侧小腿局部皮瓣卷成管状覆盖;胫前动、静脉5例,应用中厚皮片游离移植覆盖血管束,均采用端端吻合的方式吻合供受区血管.大腿供区应用局部皮瓣修复2例、皮肤牵张器修复1例、植皮修复7例.1例发生患肢受区创面的轻度感染,经换药后控制,1例发生健侧大腿供区小面积植皮皮片坏死,其余8例供、受区创面一期愈合.随访6～18个月,平均12个月,患侧肢体功能基本恢复,健侧无明显功能丧失,创面完全修复,外形满意.结论 以健侧小腿血管作为受区血管,应用股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复小腿大面积皮肤缺损,虽然存在长期下肢制动、分期手术等缺点,但当患侧下肢缺乏合适的受区血管时,不失为一种可以考虑的治疗方法.

abstractsObjective To explore the clinical effects of the reconstruction of extensive leg defects using the free anterolateral thigh flap with the contralateral leg vessels as the recipient vessels. Methods From January 2012 to January 2018, ten patients were treated with severe and extensive leg defects in the department of orthopedics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. There were 7 males and 3 females with an average age of 35, from 17 to 56. There were no main vessels for angiogenesis around the wounds in all cases. The size of defects ranged from 20 cm×13 cm to 29 cm×15 cm. The position of defects were anterior of shank in 5 cases, medial in 3 cases and medial posterior in 2 cases. The various flaps were harvested from the anterolateral thigh region of healthy leg and transferred to repair the leg defects. The healthy vessels of the contralateral leg were chosen as the recipient vessels. The musculocutaneous flap, fascia flap or perforator was removed according to the size of the defect and whether it was necessary to fill the dead space of the wound. The limbs were placed in parallel position and was fixed by external fixator. The pedicle division training was started 1 week after operation, the period of pedicle division and external fixator removing was from 21 days to 32 days. When the pedicle was divided, the vascular end of the limb and the distal end were anastomosed to re-established the continuous vessels. Results All 10 flaps survived completely after surgery. The size of flaps ranged from 23 cm × 14 cm to 32 cm × 16 cm. The recipient vessels that were used included the posterior tibial vessels in 5 cases and anterior tibial vessels in the remaining 5 cases. All the vessels in flap pedicle were anastomosed to the recipient vessels in an end-to-end fashion. The anastomotic sites and vascular bundles were covered by using a local flap in 2 cases, skin tension reducer in 1 cases, and free skin graft in the remaining 7 cases. Very mild infection occurred in one case and was controlled by dress changing. A small-sized necrosis of the grafted skin occurred in another patient. All patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months with an average of 12 months. The function of the lower extremities almost recovered. All patients were happy with the final functional and aesthetic outcomes. Conclusions Although there some drawbacks of the technique, such as long-term immobilization of the lower extremities, multiple staged surgeries, for strictly selected patients, the healthy vessels of the contralateral leg could be served as recipients vessels when a free myocutaneous, fasciocutaneous, or perforator flap was used to reconstruct the extensive and severe injury of the leg, particularly in the absence of usable vessels in the ipsilateral leg.