摘要脓肿分枝杆菌感染是假体隆乳术较为罕见而严重的并发症。2020年3月佛山华美整形美容医院收治了1例35岁假体隆乳术后脓肿分枝杆菌感染的女性患者，隆乳术后20 d，出现左侧整个乳房疼痛、肿胀，切口处更为显著，可触及波动感，压痛明显，皮温升高等主要临床症状。后行左侧乳房假体取出术，并且行术区分泌物细菌培养及药敏试验。根据药敏试验使用抗生素静脉滴注，术区腔隙进行药物冲洗，经过为期9个月的治疗，感染得到控制，第14个月进行随访，左侧乳房无复发迹象。在整个治疗过程中要保证患者治疗的连续性，尤其是疾病治疗的初期不能中断，才能保证疾病治愈的可能。

abstractsMycobacterium abscessus infection is a rare and serious complication of prosthetic breast augmentation. In March 2020, Foshan Huamei Plastic Surgery Hospital treated a 35-year-old female patient with Mycobacterium abscessus infection after breast augmentation mammoplasty. Twenty days post surgery, there was pain and swelling onthe whole left breast, especially the incision, and the main clinical symptoms such asobvious fluctuation, obvious tenderness andhighskin temperature. Then the left breast implant was removed, and bacterial culture and susceptibility testing of the secretions in the operation area were performed. According to susceptibility testing result, antibiotics were used intravenouslyand the cavity of the operation area was flushed. After 9 months flushed treatment, the infection was controlled and followed up for 14 months. There was norecurrence on the left breast. In the whole treatment, it is necessary to ensure the continuity of the treatment, especially the early stage of the infection, in order to ensure the possibility of cure of the disease.