摘要目的:探讨颅缝早闭症患儿颅骨重塑术后相关并发症的诊治。方法:回顾分析2012年1月至2018年1月复旦大学附属儿科医院行各种颅缝早闭手术的颅缝早闭症患儿临床资料。总结分析患儿术后并发症及相关诊治情况。结果:共纳入61例患儿，男42例，女19例；矢状缝早闭17例，平均年龄8.2个月(6~48个月)；额缝早闭13例，平均年龄13.0个月(6~29个月)；单侧冠状缝早闭17例，平均年龄15.2个月(7~48个月)；综合征型颅缝早闭14例，平均年龄18.7个月(6~60个月)。61例中共有13例患儿发生15例次并发症，包括死亡1例(1.6%)，头皮下脑脊液漏2例(3.3%)，术中硬脑膜破损3例(4.9%)，结膜炎5例(8.2%)，枕部压疮1例(1.6%)，枕秃3例(4.9%)。1例死亡病例为术后在儿科重症监护病房期间感染腺病毒引起重症肺炎，最终发展为呼吸衰竭而死亡。2例头皮下脑脊液漏的患儿经保守观察2周后自愈。术中硬脑膜破损的3例患儿经硬脑膜修补及人工硬脑膜补片覆盖，术后1例为前述的头皮脑脊液漏，2例无异常。术后并发结膜炎的5例患儿，均为综合征型颅缝早闭合并突眼，经人工泪液及可乐必妥滴眼液对症处理后缓解。枕部压疮1例，经清创及换药后创面愈合。枕秃3例，其中1例为前述枕部压疮的患儿，尚在随访中。结论:颅骨重塑手术相关并发症表现多样，严重者可危及生命，术后积极预防和及时对症处理十分重要。

abstractsObjective:To explore the complications of case with craniosynostosis after cranial vault remolding.Methods:The clinical data with craniosynostosis who underwent cranial vault remolding in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2018 were selected and retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were 61 children, including 42 males and 19 females. Among them 17 with scaphocephaly, mean age at surgery was 8.2 months (range, 6-48 months); 13 with trigonocephaly, mean age at surgery 13 months (range, 6-29 months) ; 17 with plagiocephaly, mean age at surgery 15.2 months (range, 7-48 months); 14 with syndromic craniosynostosis, mean age 18.7 months (range, 6-60 months). Complications occurred in 15 cases of 13 children, including 1 death case (1.6%), who died of severe pneumonia from adenovirus infection in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU). Two cases suffered with cerebrospinal fluid leakage (3.3%) , which was self-healed after 2 weeks; three with dural defects(4.9%) , which were treated with dural repair and manual patch covering; 5 with conjunctivitis(8.2%), which was cured with eyedrops; 1 with occipital pressure ulcers(1.6%), which was cured with debridement and dressing; 3 with occipital bald(4.9%), one of which was caused by the above-mentioned occipital pressure ulcers. These three cases are followed up for further observations.Conclusions:Complications related to cranial vault remolding have various manifestations, and severe cases can be life-threatening. It is very important to actively prevent and promptly treat relevant issues after surgery.