摘要"伤而不残，残而不废"是整形与修复重建外科创立的主旨，也使其成为现代医学一个独特的专科，其发展不仅依赖于供体资源的优化利用，更得益于技术的迭代与理念的革新。然而，面对烧伤、外伤和先天畸形等造成的严重组织毁损，传统修复方式常显力不从心，亟需更有效的解决方案。在此背景下，供体来源的进步及多学科交叉创新，将为重建外科注入全新活力。该文以脸面移植重建为切入点，从供体的角度回顾、梳理自体与异体脸面移植重建的技术发展、问题与挑战，探索这一领域的发展方向，更深入地理解供体驱动下重建外科的现在与未来。

abstracts'Injury but not disability, disability but not useless’ is the guiding principle behind the establishment of plastic and reconstructive surgery, making it a unique specialty in modern medicine. Its development relies not only on the optimized use of donor resources but also on technological advancements and innovations in concepts. However, in the face of severe tissue damage caused by burns, trauma, and congenital deformities, traditional repair method often fall short, necessitating more effective solutions. Against this backdrop, progress in donor sourcing and interdisciplinary innovation will inject new vitality into reconstructive surgery. In this context, we take facial transplantation reconstruction as a starting point, reviewing and organizing the technological development, issues, and challenges of autologous and allogeneic facial transplantation reconstruction from the perspective of donors. This exploration aims to shed light on the future direction of this field and gain a deeper understanding of the present and future of donor-driven reconstructive surgery.