摘要Dysfunction of anti-tumor immune responses is crucial for cancer progression.Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB),which can potentiate T cell responses,is an effective strategy for the normalization of host anti-tumor immunity.In recent years,immune checkpoints,expressed on both tumor cells and immune cells,have been identified;some of them have exhibited potential druggability and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for clinical treatment.However,limited responses and immune-related adverse events(irAEs)cannot be ignored.This review outlines the development and applications of ICBs,potential strategies for overcoming resistance,and future directions for ICB-based cancer immunotherapy.
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