摘要Periodontitis is a common oral disease caused by bacteria coupled with an excessive host immune response.Stem cell therapy can be a promising treatment strategy for periodontitis,but the relevant mechanism is complicated.This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of mitochondria from human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hESC-MSCs)for the treatment of periodontitis.The gingival tissues of periodontitis patients are characterized by abnormal mitochondrial structure.Human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs)were exposed to 5 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide(LPS)for 24 h to establish a cell injury model.When treated with hESC-MSCs or mitochondria derived from hESC-MSCs,HGFs showed reduced expression of inflammatory genes,increased adenosine triphosphate(ATP)level,decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and enhanced mitochondrial function compared to the control.The average efficiency of isolated mitochondrial transfer by hESC-MSCs was determined to be 8.93%.Besides,a therapy of local mitochondrial injection in mice with LPS-induced periodontitis showed a reduction in inflammatory gene expression,as well as an increase in both the mitochondrial number and the aspect ratio in gingival tissues.In conclusion,our results indicate that mitochondria derived from hESC-MSCs can reduce the inflammatory response and improve mitochondrial function in HGFs,suggesting that the transfer of mitochondria between hESC-MSCs and HGFs serves as a potential mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of stem cells.