摘要miRNA是一类广泛存在于体内的小RNA,其片段19～22 bp,可以调节基因转录后的表达.miRNA常表现为抑制靶基因表达,在肿瘤发生过程中,通过调节癌基因或抑癌基因表达影响肿瘤生物学行为.根据其促癌或抑癌作用,miRNA可分为癌基因和抑癌基因.肝癌是预后极差的恶性肿瘤,相同分期患者可有截然不同的预后,miRNA在肝癌预后预测方面的研究逐渐增多,组织或外周血中miRNA作为肝癌诊断、治疗及预后预测的特异性标志物不断得到重视.

abstractsmiRNA have been discovered as naturally occurring non-coding RNA, controlling gene expression via specific sites at the 3'-UTR of target-mRNA, causing translational repression or degradation.The aim of this paper is to introduce the relationship of microRNA and carcinogenesis in liver cancer and the progress of tissue or serum microRNA as the potential clinical biomarkers of HCC. Though much difficulty remains in the microRNA as biomarker studies, more evidences indeed prove the associations between the tissue or serum microRNA profiles and the carcinogenesis. Specially, the serum microRNA detection is lowinvasive and easy to handle, indicating microRNA might to be useful biomarkers for HCC diagnosis or prognosis.