摘要2022年世界卫生组织（WHO）推出肾肿瘤的第5版分类。此版分类继续沿用了既往以细胞形态为主、兼顾组织结构的肾肿瘤分类框架，并首次提出分子特征定义的肾细胞癌概念。文章从WHO肾肿瘤病理分类、分级历史变迁，2022版及2016版WHO肾肿瘤分类对比，分子特征在ELOC突变型肾细胞癌、ALK重排性肾细胞癌、嗜酸性实性及囊性肾细胞癌等新增病理类型的作用3个方面对新版WHO分类进行解读。旨在更好地认识WHO从传统的以组织形态为基础的分类体系转变为一类涵盖形态、免疫表型和基因特征的三体一位的整合分类体系，并理解在新的分类体系下分子病理学对病理医师及临床医师工作的重要指导价值。

abstractsIn 2022, World Health Organization (WHO) launched the 5th edition of the classification of renal tumors. This classification continues to use the previous classification framework of renal tumors based on morphology and tissue structure, and proposes the concept of renal cell carcinoma defined by molecular features for the first time. This article interprets from the 3 aspects of historical changes of WHO classification and grading of renal tumors, comparison of 2022 and 2016 WHO classification of renal tumors, and the role of molecular characteristics in the new pathological types such as ELOC mutant renal cell carcinoma, ALK rearrangement renal cell carcinoma, eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma. The purpose is to better understand the WHO from the traditional classification system based on tissue morphology to a three-in-one integrated classification system covering morphology, immunophenotype and genetic characteristics, and to understand the important value of molecular pathology in guiding the work of pathologists and clinicians under the new classification system.