摘要Studying the mechanisms that promote deep rooting in crops is crucial for engineering plant varieties with enhanced drought resilience and increased carbon sequestration capacity.Soil compaction is a major constraint on rooting depth and,to overcome this,root system penetrability needs to be enhanced.However,because of the limitations of current methods,phenotyping root penetrability remains a bottleneck.Here,we developed RootXplorer,a computer vision-based 3D phenotyping platform for high-throughput quantification of root penetration-related traits/phenotypes across dicot and monocot species.RootXplorer integrates a novel Phytagel-based cylinder system,a 3D imaging unit,and an automated software pipeline to extract root penetration-related traits with high precision and at a large scale.We demonstrate that RootXplorer enables large-scale diversity screenings in conditions replicating soil compaction effects in multiple species,revealing species-specific stra-tegies for overcoming mechanical impedance.These findings highlight the utility and promise of RootXplorer for accelerating research on root architectural plasticity under controlled compaction conditions,identifying ge-notypes with varying tolerance to mechanical impedance,and supporting data-driven breeding decisions for developing soil compaction-resilient crop varieties.This technology has important implications for future plant breeding strategies and supports ongoing climate change mitigation efforts.