摘要Calcium ions(Ca2+)are crucial intracellular second messengers in eukaryotic cells.Upon pathogen perception,plants generate a transient and rapid increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+levels,which is sub-sequently decoded by Ca2+sensors and effectors to activate downstream immune responses.The elevation of cytosolic Ca2+is commonly attributed to Ca2+influx mediated by plasma membrane-localized Ca2+-permeable channels.However,the contribution of Ca2+release triggered by intra-cellular Ca2+-permeable channels in shaping Ca2+signaling associated with plant immunity remains poorly understood.This review discusses recent advances in understanding the mechanism under-lying the shaping of Ca2+signatures upon the ac-tivation of immune receptors,with particular em-phasis on the identification of intracellular immune receptors as non-canonical Ca2+-permeable chan-nels.We also discuss the involvement of Ca2+re-lease from the endoplasmic reticulum in generating Ca2+signaling during plant immunity.