摘要目的:探究骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者矫正治疗后舌骨位置、气道大小及功能的变化。方法:观察性研究。抽取2021年3月至2023年3月濮阳市第三人民医院收治的骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者36例作为研究对象。所有患者均行上颌扩弓结合前方牵引治疗，在治疗前及治疗后3个月行锥形束CT三维测量，通过Mimics 21.0软件实施三维重建，比较治疗前后舌骨位置、气道大小及功能状态的变化情况。结果:治疗后，所有患者的舌骨在垂直方向距离、舌骨至第3颈椎距离较治疗前增大( P<0.05)；治疗后，硬腭处、第2颈椎处气道矢状间隙均较治疗前增大，差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)；治疗后，腭咽及舌咽气道矢状向均较治疗前增大( P均<0.05)。 结论:骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形矫正后，患者气道口咽区域和鼻咽部的矢状间隙增大，可改善患者的舌骨位置使其更适应生长。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the changes of hyoid bone position, and dimensions and function of the pharyngeal airway after orthodontic treatment of skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion.Methods:Observational research was adopted in this study. A total of 36 patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion treated in the Third People’s Hospital of Puyang from March 2021 to March 2023 were selected as the study subjects. And they all underwent maxillary expansion combined with anterior traction therapy; the three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography scan was performed before treatment and 3 months after orthodontic treatment. Tomographic images were processed using Mimics 21.0 software for 3-dimentional reconstruction. Then, the changes of preoperative and postoperative hyoid bone position, dimensions and function of the pharyngeal airway were compared.Results:After treatment, the vertical distance from hyoidpoint to vertical reference line and the distance from hyoidpoint to the third cervical vertebra point in all patients inceeased compared with preoperative values ( P<0.05). After treatment, the sagittal space of the airway at the hard palate and the second cervical vertebra of all patients increased compared with indexes before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treatment, the velopharynx and glossopharynx airway dimensons in the sagittal plane in all patients increased compared with these indexes before treatment (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The orthodontic treatment of skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion can effectively enlarge the oropharynx and nasopharynx in the sagittal plane, ameliorate hyoid bone position for better growth.