摘要Chinese materia medica(CMM)compatibility is one core content in the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),and elaborating the scientific connotation of CMM compatibility is of great significance to promote the modernization of TCM.Self-assembly is the combination of active ingredients into aggregates through non-covalent bonds,such as hydrogen bonding,electrostatic interactions,ionic interactions,and hydrophobic interactions.The complex properties and special structures of CMM components create the basis for self-assembly.The self-assembled materials formed after CMM compatibility is an important part of the material basis for the efficacy of TCM,which can help explain the scientific connotations of CMM compatibility.This review summarizes the self-assembly phenomenon from the perspective of drug pair combinations in recent decades and explains the scientific connotation of CMM compatibility about the material basis,pharmacodynamic changes,and mechanism of action,providing new ideas and methods for the study of TCM.