摘要川崎病是一种急性的以弥漫性血管炎为主要病变的发热出疹性疾病,主要影响5岁以下婴幼儿,其中最严重的病变是冠状动脉损伤,已成为儿童后天获得性心脏病的主要原因,但其病因和发生机制尚未明确.微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类长度为21～ 25个核苷酸的非编码小分子单链RNA,可通过碱基不完全配对与靶mRNA序列的3’非编码区结合参与基因转录后水平调控.每个miRNA可调控上百种靶基因,因此可以影响多种信号传导通路,参与细胞增殖、凋亡、血管生成和分化等多种生物学过程.越来越多的研究将miRNA作为疾病可能的生物标记物.近年来miRNA也成为川崎病的研究热点,现从炎症、免疫和内皮损伤以及诊断和预后判断等方面,将目前miRNA在川崎病中的研究作一综述.

abstractsKawasaki disease(KD) is an acute,rash and fever illness with systemic vasculitis as the main pathological change,which predominantly affects children younger than 5 years old.Coronary artery lesion,which is the most serious complication of KD,has become the main cause of pediatric acquired heart disease,however,the etiology and pathogenesis of KD still remain unclear.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small,non-coding RNAs with 21-25 nucleotides in length,which have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcription level by binding to 3'-untranslated region of target mRNA with incomplete base paring.Each miRNA has hundreds of targets,leading to affect various signal pathways.It involves in many physiological and pathological processes including proliferation,apoptosis,angiogenesis and differentiation,etc.More and more researches defined miRNA as a potential disease marker.Recently,the study on miRNA becomes a magnet in the field of KD.This review focuses the current miRNA researches in KD including aspects of inflammation,immunity and endothelial dysfunction as well as diagnosis and prognosis.