摘要规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats，CRISPR)和CRISPR相关蛋白9(CRISPR associated protein，Cas9)组成的CRISPR/Cas9系统是大多数细菌和古细菌的一种免疫系统。该系统在动物模型构建、基因治疗和基因表达调控等众多领域发挥着强大的作用。但该系统的脱靶效应等原因所导致的效率低下和安全性问题一直是人们研究的重点。本文主要对CRISPR/Cas9系统从sgRNA、Cas9蛋白、递送系统、DSB修复通路、脱靶检测手段以及碱基编辑技术六个方面提高其编辑效率的改进方法进行综述。

abstractsThe CRISPR/Cas9 system is composed of clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)and CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9 protein), which is an immune system of most bacteria and archaea. It plays a powerful role in many fields such as animal model construction, gene therapy and gene expression regulation. The inefficiency and safety issues caused by the off-target effect of the CRISPR/Cas9 system have always been the focus of research. This article summarizes the methods to improve the editing efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 system from six aspects, sgRNA, Cas9 protein, delivery system, DSB repair pathway, off-target detection method and base editing.