摘要目的 了解福建省南平市延平区人群碘营养状况,为科学防治碘缺乏病提供依据.方法 根据《2014年福建省重点人群碘营养及相关健康状况监测方案》的要求,将延平区按东、西、南、北、中5个方位划分5个片区,每个片区各抽取1个乡镇,共5个乡镇;此外,在城区选取一个街道办事处,抽取1个居委会为监测点.水碘检测:在抽取的乡镇及居委会各采集2份集中式供水末梢水水样,共12份,水碘含量检测采用水碘检测方法的砷铈催化分光光度测定方法.盐碘检测:在每个监测乡镇抽取4个行政村,每个行政村抽取15户居民,共300户;并在城区监测点抽取31户居民.采集居民户家中食用盐盐样,盐碘含量检测采用《制盐工业通用试验方法碘的测定》(GB/T13025.7-1999).尿碘检测:①8～10岁儿童:在每个监测乡镇各选取1所小学,抽取8～ 10岁儿童30名,共150名;在城区监测点选取1所小学,抽取8～10岁儿童100名,男女各半;②孕妇和哺乳期妇女:在每个监测乡镇各选取孕妇20名,共100名;在城区监测点选取孕妇和哺乳期妇女各50名;③18 ～ 45岁成人:在城区监测点,选取18～ 45岁成人50名,男女各半.收集日间随意1次尿样,尿碘含量检测采用《尿中碘的砷铈催化分光光度测定方法》(WS/T 107-2006).8～ 10岁儿童甲状腺肿大检查:对全部儿童采用触诊法进行甲状腺肿大检查.结果 共采集12份生活饮用水水样,水碘含量均＜ 3.5 μg/L.共抽取居民户食用盐331份,盐碘中位数为23.3 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为100.0％(331/331),合格碘盐食用率为93.1％(308/331).共对250名儿童进行甲状腺触诊检查及尿碘检测,甲状腺肿大率为0.8％(2/250);尿碘中位数为174.0μg/L;乡镇儿童尿碘中位数为192.3.μg/L,高于城区儿童(155.7 μg/L,Z=-3.582,P＜ 0.01).分别采集孕妇、哺乳期妇女、成人尿样150、50、52份,尿碘中位数分别为143.7、116.2、115.6 μg/L,孕妇尿碘水平低于国家标准(≥150 μg/L).结论 福建省延平区人群碘营养基本适宜,同时存在特殊人群孕妇碘缺乏的风险.

abstractsObjective To study the population's iodine nutritional status of Yanping area of Nanping City,Fujian Province,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).Methods According to "2014 Key Population Iodine Nutrition in Fujian Province and the Related Health Monitoring Programme",five subareas were selected according to the five directions as east,west,south,north and centre in Yanping area,and one township was selected in each subarea.In addition,one subdistrict administrative office was chosen in urban area,and one neighborhood committee was selected as a monitoring site.Water iodine detection:two water samples from centralized water supply pipe were collected in selected townships and subdistrict administrative office,and arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry was used to detect the level of water iodine.Salt iodine detection:four administrative villages were selected in each monitoring township,15 households were selected in each village,and a total of 300 households were selected;and 31 households were selected in urban area.The "General Test Method for Determination of Iodine in Salt Industry (GB/T 13025.7-1999)" was used to detect the level of edible salt iodine.Urinary iodine detection:①children aged 8-10 years old:one primary school was chosen in each monitoring township,30 children aged 8 to 10 were selected in each primary school,and a total of 150 children (half males and half females) were selected;one primary school was chosen in monitoring urban area,and 100 children (half males and half females) aged 8 to 10 were selected;②pregnant women and nursing mothers:20 pregnant women in each monitoring village were selected,and a total of 100 pregnant women were selected;50 pregnant women and 50 nursing mothers were selected in urban area;③adults aged 18 to 45 years old:50 adults (half males and half females) were selected in urban area.Urine samples at random times during the day were collected,and "Arsenic Cerium Catalytic Spectrophotometry for Test of Urinary Iodine (WS/T 107-2006)" was used to detect the level of urinary iodine.Goiter examination of children aged 8 to 10:palpation was used to examine goiter of all children.Results A total of 12 drinking water samples were collected,the levels of water iodine were all ＜ 3.5 μg/L.A total of 331 edible salt samples were collected,the median of salt iodine was 23.3 mg/kg,iodized salt coverage rate was 100.0％ (331/331),and qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 93.1％ (308/331).A total of 250 children were examined by the thyroid palpation,the rate of goiter was 0.8％ (2/250);the median of urinary iodine was 174.0 μg/L;the medians of children in rural and urban areas were 192.3 and 155.7 μg/L,respectively,the difference was statistically significant (Z =-3.582,P ＜ 0.01),and urinary iodine level of rural children was higher than that of urban children.Totally 150 pregnant women urine samples,50 nursing mothers urine samples,52 adults urine samples were collected,respectively,the medians were 143.7,116.2 and 115.6 μg/L,respectively,urinary iodine of pregnant women was lower than national standard (≥ 150 μg/L).Conclusions The population's iodine nutrition level is appropriate.At the same time,there are special people (pregnant women) at risk of iodine deficiency.