摘要目的:调查了解中国内地县(市)级医院的放疗人员及设备的基本情况并评价各放疗资源分布的公平性。方法:以全国所有县(市)级放疗单位为研究对象，资料来源于中华医学会放射肿瘤治疗学分会在2019年4月10日至9月20日期间，以线上问卷形式进行的第九次行业调查所得的数据。对数据进行统计描述与分析，运用基尼系数、泰尔指数和集聚度对全国县(市)级医院放疗资源配置的公平性进行评价与分析。结果:中国东部地区县(市)级放疗单位191家，中部地区172家，西部地区仅59家，西部部分省份区域内无县(市)级放疗单位分布。西部地区人口较多(人口50万以上)县有23.4%建有放疗单位，低于东部地区(48.9%)、中部地区(41.8%)水平。中国县(市)级放疗单位卫生资源配置公平性方面，各类放疗卫生资源按人口配置的基尼系数处于警戒状态，按地理配置处于高度不公平状态；泰尔指数指出中国3个地区县域内各项放疗资源配置区域内差距大于区域间差距，区域内差距主要来源于西部地区；东部、中部地区 HRADi、 HRADi/ PADi均>1，而西部地区均<1。 结论:中国内地县域内放疗单位的总体配置不足，且存在区域性差异，放疗资源按地理配置的公平性总体较差。应科学配置放疗资源，提高资源分布的公平性。

abstractsObjective:To examine the status of personnel and facilities of radiotherapy in county hospital of Chinese mainland and to evaluate the equity of allocation.Methods:All the county level radiotherapy units were chosen for study, and the data were extracted from the 9 th national survey on radiation oncology departments conducted by Chinese Society of Radiation Oncology of Chinese Medical Association from April 10, 2019 to September 20, 2019. Descriptive statistics and statistical analysis were performed. For the further analysis on the equity, the Gini coefficient, Theil index and agglomeration degree were calculated. Results:The number of county level radiotherapy units was 191 in the eastern region, 172 in the central region and only 59 in the western region, and there was no radiotherapy unit in the county area of some provinces in the western region. For the counties with larger population (population over 500 thousand) in Chinese mainland, 23.4% of the counties in the western region had radiotherapy units, lower compared to the eastern region (48.9%) and central region (41.8%). The Gini coefficients of all kinds of radiotherapy health resources according to population allocation were in alert states, and in highly unfair states according to geographical allocation. The intra-regional gap in radiotherapy resource allocation was larger than the inter-regional gap, and the intra-regional gap mainly came from the western region. HRADi,HRADi/ PADi in the eastern and central regions were all greater than 1, while those in the western region were all less than 1. Conclusions:The overall configuration of county level radiotherapy units in Chinese mainland is insufficient, and there is a regional difference. The fairness of geographical allocation of radiotherapy resources is generally poor. Radiotherapy resources should be scientifically configured to improve the fairness of radiotherapy resource distribution.