摘要目的 分析游离颊黏膜移植物(BMG)及舌黏膜移植物(LMG)前尿道成形术后口腔供区并发症情况.方法 回顾性分析2014年6月至2016年12月采用口腔黏膜游离移植物治疗的50例前尿道狭窄或尿道下裂患者的临床资料.年龄32 ～ 56岁,平均43.6岁.采用BMG者(BMG组)25例,年龄32 ～ 54岁,平均43.1岁.采用LMG者(LMG组)25例,年龄35 ～ 56岁,平均44.2岁.两组年龄差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).采用视觉模拟疼痛评分量表对患者术后供区疼痛情况进行评分.研究术后口腔供区常见并发症,包括进食困难、发音含糊、味觉障碍、张口紧绷感、口腔供区麻木的发生情况,比较两组患者术后3d、2周、3个月口腔并发症的差异.结果 BMG组取材长度(5.24 ±0.89) cm(4 ～7 cm),宽度(1.48±0.50) cm(1 ～2 cm);LMG组取材长度(5.68±0.90)cm(4～7 cm),宽度(1.56±0.51) cm(1～2cm),两组取材情况的比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).随访6～12个月,平均7.8个月.术后3d、2周BMG组的口腔供区疼痛评分分别为(5.84 ±0.85)、(3.04±0.45)分,舌黏膜组分别为(7.20±0.57)、(4.16±0.62)分,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后3 d BMG组和LMG组患者进食困难发生率为24％(6/25)和64％(16/25),发音含糊发生率为56％(14/25)和92％(23/25),味觉障碍发生率为16％(4/25)和48％(12/25),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后2周BMG组的进食困难、发音含糊、味觉障碍发生率[分别为16％(4/25)、8％(2/25)、12％(3/25)]均低于LMG组[分别为32％(8/25)、40％(10/25)、40％(10/25)],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但BMG组口腔紧绷感的发生率高于LMG组[36％(9/25)与12％(3/25)],差异有统计学意义(P =0.047).术后3个月患者供区疼痛、进食困难、味觉障碍均恢复正常,两组差异均无统计学意义(P ＞0.05);BMG组和LMG组的口腔紧绷感发生率为24％(6/25)和4％(1/25),差异有统计学意义(P=0.04);口腔供区有麻木感的发生率为36％(9/25)和32％(8/25),差异无统计学意义(P=0.76).结论 口腔黏膜移植物尿道成形术的供区并发症并非少见.舌黏膜取材后早期的供区并发症更明显,宜将颊黏膜作为首选移植物,对于颊黏膜无法获取、长度不够或需联合治疗时,可应用舌黏膜移植物.

abstractsObjective To compare donor site complications of buccal or lingual mucosa grafts harvesting for substitution urethroplasty.Methods From June 2014 to December 2016,a total of 50 patients who were diagnosed anterior urethral strictures or hypospadias underwent buccal or lingual mucosa grafts urethroplasty.The mean age of the patients was 43.6 years (range 32-56 years).25 patients used buccal mucosa grafts (BMG group) for urethroplasty with the median age of 43.1 years (range 32-54 years);the other 25 patients received lingual mucosa grafts (LMG group) for urethroplasty,aged 44.2 years (range 35-56 years).Patients were evaluated for postoperative oral pain morbidity using the visual analogue pain scale (0-10) as well as an questionnaire for difficulty with eating,speech impairment,dysgeusia,tightness of the mouth.The evaluations were carried out at 3 days,2 weeks and 3 months postoperatively.Results In BMG group,the length and width of the graft was (5.24 ± 0.89) cm and (1.48 ± 0.50) cm;the graft length was (5.68 ± 0.90) cm and the width was (1.56 ± 0.51) cm in LMG group.There was no difference between the two groups.The mean followup time was (7.8 ± 1.2) months (6-12 months).The median visual analogue pain scale scores of the BMG group 3 days,2 weeks after surgery was 5.84 ±0.85,3.04 ±0.45,and the LMG group 7.20 ±0.57,4.16 ±0.62,respectively,with no statistical difference between two groups.The incidence of events with LMG group versus the BMG group were as follows:difficulty with eating (64％ vs.24％,P =0.004),speech impairment (92％ vs.56％,P=0.004) and dysgeusia (48％ vs.16％,P =0.015)at day 3.The difficulty of eating,speech impairment and dysgeusia of BMG group were lower than that of the LMG group(16％ vs.32％,P =0.031;8％ vs.40％,P =0.008;12％ vs.40％,P =0.024) two weeks after the surgery,whereas the incidence of tightness of the mouth was higher in BMG group(36％ vs.12％,P =0.04).After 3 months,36％ and 32％ of patients treated with buccal and lingual mucosa grafts urethroplasty still reported sensitivity perioral numbness(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Oral mucosa grafts are good for substitution urethroplasty,but also with some donor site complications.The early postoperative complications are more common in lingual mucosa graft donor site.Buccal mucosa may be used as the preferred graft for urethroplasty.Lingual mucosal graft may be considered in cases of unavailable buccal mucosa graft or the length of the graft not enough and combined graft treatment.